《Les animaux du monde :》Chapitre 4: les batraciens ou amphibiens
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Les Batraciens, apparus il y a 350 millions d'années environ à partir des poissons à nageoires charnues ( Crossoptérygiens ), sont les premiers Vertébrés tétrapodes à quatre pattes.
Leurs membres et leurs poumons ont permis à ces animaux, exclusivement aquatiques à l'origine, de conquérir peu à peu les continents.
De nos jours, il existe à peu près 3000 espèces de Batraciens répandues dans le monde entier, à l'expédition des régions polaires.
Le plus grand d'entre eux , la salamandre géante du Japon ( Andrias maximums ), peut mesurer 1,60 m de long.
La plus grosse grenouille est la grenouille géante ( Rana Goliath), une espèce africaine qui peut mesurer 40 cm et peser plus de 5 kg.
À l'autre bout de l'échelle, la plus petite salamandre ( genre Parvimolge ) mesure
4 cm, tandis que la petite grenouille du genre Afrixalus ne dépasse pas 1,7 à 3 cm.
Les Batraciens adultes possèdent des poumons et vivent parfois loin de l'eau, mais aucune espèce ne s'est totalement affranchie du milieu aquatique.
Les larves possèdent des branchies et, à de rares exceptions près, se développent dans l'eau.
C'est à travers une peau fine et humide que se fait une partie la respiration des Batraciens.
Par ailleurs, ce sont les seuls Vertébrés tétrapodes à subir une métamorphose.
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