《Sharing Materi with IWF》Plagiarisme Kalangan Penulis
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Hari, tanggal: Jumat, 29 September 2017
Materi: Plagiarisme di Kalangan Penulis
Pemateri: Hilda
Notul: Anaya
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Oke. Assalamualaikum. Selamat malam. Aku Hilda Rosida selaku pem-back up materi malam ini akan sharing sama kalian tentang Plagiarisme di Kalangan Penulis.
Apa di pikiran kalian setelah mendengar kata "Plagiarisme"?
-Meniru
-perilaku tidak terpuji eaakk
-Jiplak?
-tukang copas
Hampir semua orang pernah mendengar kata itu, ya?
Dan sekarang, tindakan plagiarisme ini lagi marak-maraknya terjadi. Ini yang pernah aku lihat secara langsung, ya. Ini di Wattpad. Waktu itu aku pernah lihat sebuah penjiplakan karya milik .... (nama disamarkan untuk berjaga-jaga sebut saja B) kalau tidak salah, padahal karyanya itu dalam proses penerbitan.
Salah satu karyanya dijiplak oleh orang lain hanya dengan mengganti nama tokohnya saja, selebihnya, alur, diksi dan lainnya itu sama persis. Aku enggak perlu baca banyak part buat tahu kalau karya orang itu meniru karyanya B, karena setelah aku lihat satu part di work B dan satu part di work si penjiplak itu udah kelihatan banget.
Oke, sebelum kita bahas soal penjiplakan karya milik bayu itu. Kita buka terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui, apasih itu plagiarisme/plagiat? Apa itu saduran? Dan apa itu karya asli?
Kita bahas satu per satu.
Saduran
n 1 hasil menyepuh; sepuhan (emas, perak, dsb): - emas itu tahan untuk beberapa bulan;
2 hasil menggubah; gubahan bebas daripada cerita lain tanpa merusak garis besar cerita: - cerita itu lebih hidup daripada cerita aslinya;
3 ringkasan; ikhtisar (laporan dsb);
Oke, cukup jelas, ya? Kalau ada pertanyaan simpan dulu pertanyaan sampai akhir nanti. Sekarang kita lanjut dulu ke karya asli.
1 hasil ciptaan yg bukan saduran, salinan, atau terjemahan;
2 hasil ciptaan yg bukan tiruan; -- cetak segala sesuatu yg dicetak;
Nah, sekarang tahu kan? Apa itu plagiarisme/plagiat, saduran, dan karya asli?
Nah, sekarang kita akan membahas. Apasih hal-hal yang membuat cerita itu disebut hasil dari plagiat/jiplakan?
Hal-hal yang membuat karya dalam cerita itu disebut jiplakan adalah:
-Isi cerita sama persis. Tentu!
-Alur yang dibuat benar-benar sama.
-Diksinya sama.
-Bahkan karakter tokohnya sama banget.
Hal itu semua sudah bisa dibilang penjiplkan.
Kita bahas lagi soal penjiplakan karya B di Wattpad yang dalam proses penerbitan. Apasih yang membuat karya si c (yang diduga memplagiat cerita bayu di Wattad) itu disebut hasil plagiat/jiplakan?
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Seperti yang aku bilang tadi. Alur, diksi dan lainnya itu sama persis! Hanya saja nama tokoh diubah oleh si C
Kenapa aku tahu kalau itu sama persis padahal aku sendiri enggak baca karya B? Aku orangnya penasaran tinggi, ya. Makanya aku cari tahu. Aku baca satu part di akun Wattpad si c lalu pindah ke akun B untuk membaca karya yang katanya dijiplak.
Setelah aku baca di lapak si c dan di lapak B, pertamanya masih belum yakin. Aku baca lagi, pindah2 lapak. Ternyata benar. Karya B memang dijiplak oleh si c. Di part satu pun sudah terlihat bahwa si c menjiplak karya milik B. Bahkan di kalimat pertama pun sudah kelihatan sama persis kata-katanya.
Lagi. Kenapa aku percaya itu hasil jiplakan dari karya milik B? Karena karya milik bayu udah dipublish sejak lama. Sedangkan si c baru saja menerbitkan karya itu di Wattpad.
Oke. Itu plagiarisme yang terjadi di Wattpad. Sekarang kita lihat Plagiarisme yang sudah lama terjadi di kalangan penulis luar Wattpad.
Helen Keller dituduh pada 1892 menjiplak cerita pendek The Frost King dari karya Margaret T. Canby The Frost Fairies. Ia diadili di depan Perkins Institute for the Blind, dan dibebaskan dengan selisih satu suara. Ia menjadi paranoid akan plagiarisme sejak itu dan khawatir bahwa ia telah membaca The Frost Fairies namun kemudian melupakannya.
Alex Haley dituntut oleh Harold Courlander karena sebagian novelnya Roots dituduh meniru novel Courlander The African.
Dan Brown, penulis The Da Vinci Code, telah dituduh dan dituntut karena melakukan plagiarisme dua kali.
Novel pertama Kaavya Viswanathan How Opal Mehta Got Kissed, Got Wild and Got a Life, dilaporkan mengandung jiplakan dari setidaknya 5 novel lain. Semua bukunya ditarik dari peredaran, kontraknya dengan Little, Brown, and Co. ditarik, dan sebuah kontrak film dengan Dreamworks SKG dibatalkan.
Itu beberapa contoh penulis luar yang melakukan plagiarisme
Ternyata, bukan hanya penulis luar saja yang diduga melakukan plagiarisme. Di Indonesia pun, ada kasus seperti itu. Kita buka Wikipedia lagi.
Beberapa tokoh Indonesia yang pernah diduga menjadi plagiat di antaranya adalah Chairil Anwar (1949).
Penyair ini pernah dituduh telah melakukan penjiplakan suatu karya tulis. Tuduhan tersebut dikeluarkan oleh Hans Bague Jassin melalui tulisannya yang dimuat di Mimbar Indonesia berjudul Karya Asli, Saduran, dan Plagiat yang membahas tentang puisi Kerawang-Bekasi. Adapun Jassin (bergelar Paus Sastra Indonesia) itu membandingkan puisi Chairil dengan The Dead Young Soldiers karya Archibald MacLeish, penyair Amerika Serikat.
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Contoh lain adalah kasus yang dialami oleh Siti Fadilah Supari. Dirinya pernah mendapat tuduhan sebagai seorang plagiat.
Tulisan Fadilah yang berjudul Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Soluble Fibre as an adjunct to Low Calories Indonesian Diet in Patients with Hypercholesterolamia ketika seminar di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita, Jakarta pada tanggal 29 Oktober 2002. Apa yang dia tulis mirip dengan karya James W. Anderson berjudul Long-term Cholesterol Lowering Effect of Psyllium as An Adjunct to Diet Therapy in The Treatment of Hypercholesterolamia, yang dimuat di American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
Itu contoh kasus dugaan plagiarime di kalangan penulis Indonesia. Benar tidaknya itu hasil plagiat, hanya Allah yang tahu.
Menurut kalian, apasih untungnya menjiplak karya orang lain? Menurut aku, ya. Enggak ada untungnya sama sekali. Kalaupun ada, keuntungan itu sendiri enggak akan jadi manfaat buat ke depannya.
Aku. Daripada menjiplak karya orang lain. Lebih baik aku enggak usah membuat sebuah karya sekali pun.
Tahu nggak, sih. Apa perasaan orang yang karyanya misal kita jiplak? Sakit hati dong pasti. Kita udah susah-susah merancang sebuah cerita. Membuat kerangka cerita. Menyusun outline. Membuat karakter dan lain sebagainya. Tahu-tahu ada yang menjiplak. Kan sakit hati. Apalagi jika karya hasil jiplakan lebih dikenal daripada karya aslinya. Itu juga lebih sakit.
-Secara psikologis, faktor iri hati dan ingin famous yg menggebu-gebu membuat seseorang beralih mencari cara kotor untuk memamerkan karyanya
Nah. Itu yang harusnya enggak boleh dilakukan
Maka dari itu, lebih baik kita jujur pada diri sendiri. Kalau kita enggak bisa membuat cerita, buat apa kita mau membuat cerita jika itu hasil jiplakan? Lebih baik jadi penikmat saja. Tapi, kalau kalian sudah bosan menjadi penikmat dan ingin menjadi pelaku pembuatan cerita. Kalian buatlah sendiri cerita itu, jangan sampai menjiplak!
Buat apa dikenal jika karya yang kita miliki ternyata punya orang lain?
Terinspirasi boleh, menjiplak jangan!
Banyak, kok. Orang-orang membuat karya sendiri karena terinspirasi dari karya orang lain.
Contoh misal karya aku sendiri yang terinspirasi dari sebuah cerita milik orang lain. Ceritanya sama tentang memendan perasaan. Isinya jelas berbeda. Karena aku terinspirasi bukan menjiplak.
Terus banyak juga tema-tema yang sama di Wattpad. Soal CEO lah, pernikahan lah, perjodohan lah. Dan banyak lagi. Nah, kalau itu bukan termasuk penjiplakan. Bisa bedakan terinspirasi sama penjiplkan itu apa, kan?
Nah, oke. Cukup panjang ya bahasannya. Lebih kurangnya aku minta maaf. Jika ada kesalahan tolong koreksi. Jika ada kekurangan tolong maafkan. Jika ada kelebihan, itu untuk kalian.
Sekian sharing sama aku hari ini. Terima kasih untuk semuanya yang sudah menyimak. Yang mau bertanya silakan. Aku akan menjawab jika aku bisa menjawab. Aku akan menjadikannya pr jika aku tidaj bisa menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Hehe
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Q1: Ka hilda pribadi, menurut kakak gimana cara mengatasi penulis nakal macam ini? Yg kalo udah tercyduk malah berdalih dan ngasih alasan kalo itu cuma "inspirasi"?
A1:Kalau aku pribadi ya. Aku akan memberitahu si penulis itu, kalau cara dia itu salah. Kalau misal dia malah berdalih dengan memberi alasan 'terinspirasi' sedangkan cerita yang dia publikasi benar2 menjiplak karya orang lain. Ya kita tunjukin juga bukti2nya. Di mana yang sama persis, apanya aja yang sama. Kalau misal dia tetap berdalih seperti itu. Itu urusan dia sama Tuhannya. Yang terpenting kita sudah memberitahu bahwa tindakan dia menjiplak karya orang itu tidak dibenarkan.
Q2: Menurut kakak, dunia kepenulisan wp ada kemajuan gak dari tahun ke tahun? Dari segi pengembangan idenya dan skill penulisnya?
A2: Kemajuan? Aku baru sih ya di dunia WP. Jadi enggak terlalu memperhatikan soal itu(haha)
Mungkin untuk kemajuan ada kali ya. Buktinya, sekarang Wattpad jadi semakin dikenal setelah satu cerita di Wattpad terbit dan dibuat film (?)
Kalau skill penulisan di Wattpad masih agak gimana gitu ya. Ada yang berkembang ada yang emang di situ-situ aja. Bahkan ada yang enggak berkembang sama sekali. Itu yang aku tahu sih (haha)
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Sekian materinya. Semoga bermanfaat bagi Fams semua.
Wassalam.
Bandung, 18 November 2017.
Salam,
Anaya.
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