In the previous lesson, we looked at the basic way of conjugating the verbs in the dictionary form into the present tense form. Do you remember how?

Verb stems ending with vowels ᅩ [o] or ᅡ [a] are followed by 아요 [a-yo].

Verb stems ending with vowels OTHER THAN ᅩ or ᅡ are followed by 어요 [eo-yo]. Verb stem 하 is followed by 여요 [yeo-yo].

Now it's time to learn how to change verbs into the past tense.

If you understand how to change verbs into the present tense, understanding how to change them into the past tense is just as easy.

A similar rule is applied to making past tense sentences, and the endings are:

았어요 [a-sseo-yo] 었어요 [eo-sseo-yo] 였어요 [yeo-sseo-yo]

You can add those to the verb stems, or you can think of it as just replacing the "요" at the end of present tense sentences with -ᄊ어요 [ss-eo-yo].

Verb stems ending with vowels ᅩ [o] or ᅡ [a] are followed by 았어요 [a-sseo-yo].

Verb stems ending with vowels other than ᅩ or ᅡ are followed by 었어요 [eo-sseo-yo].

Verb stem 하 is followed by 였어요 [yeo-sse-yo].

Let's take a look at some examples.

[sa-da] = to buy

Verb stem = [sa]

** You drop the final 다 [da] from any verb and you get the verb stem.

= 사 + 았어요 [sa + a-sseo-yo]

= 샀어요 [sa-sseo-yo]

= I bought / you bought / she bought / he bought / they bought / etc.

[o-da] = to come

Verb stem = [o]

= 오 + 았어요 [o + a-sseo-yo] = 왔어요 [wa-sseo-yo]

= I came / you came / he came / they came / she came / we came / etc.

[ jeok-da] = to write down

Verb stem = [jeok]

= 적 + 었어요 [jeok + eo-sseo-yo]

= 적었어요 [ jeo-geo-sseo-yo]

= I wrote / you wrote / he wrote / she wrote / they wrote / we wrote / etc.

[ha-da] = to do

Verb stem = [ha]

= 하 + 였어요 [ha + yeo-sseo+yo]

= 했어요 [hae-sseo-yo]

= I did / you did / he did / they did / etc.

More sample verbs in the present tense and the past tense

1. [meok-da] (Verb stem = 먹 [meok]) = to eat

: 먹어요 [meo-geo-yo]

: 먹었어요 [meo-geo-sseo-yo]

2. [jap-da] (Verb stem = 잡 [jap]) = to catch

: 잡아요 [ja-ba-yo]

: 잡았어요 [ja-ba-sseo-yo]

3. [pal-da] (Verb stem = 팔 [pal]) = to sell

: 팔아요 [pa-ra-yo]

: 팔았어요 [pa-ra-sseo-yo]

4. [nol-da] (Verb stem = 놀 [nol]) = to play, to hang out

: 놀아요 [no-ra-yo]

: 놀았어요 [no-ra-sseo-yo]

5. [sseu-da] (Verb stem = 쓰 [sseu]) = to write, to use

: 써요 [sseo-yo] (NOT 쓰어요)

: 썼어요 [sseo-sseo-yo]

6. [gi-da-ri-da] (Verb stem = 기다리 [gi-da-ri]) = to wait

: 기다려요 [gi-da-ryeo-yo] (NOT 기다리어요)

: 기다렸어요 [gi-da-ryeo-sseo-yo]

7. [i-sang-ha-da] (Verb stem = 이상하 [i-sang-ha]) = to be strange

: 이상해요 [i-sang-hae-yo) (NOT 이상하여요)

: 이상했어요 [i-sang-hae-sseo-yo]

8. [meo-sit-da] (Verb stem = 멋있 [meo-sit]) = to be cool, to be awesome

: 멋있어요 [meo-si-sseo-yo]

: 멋있었어요 [meo-si-sseo-sseo-yo]

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A/N:This is just a compilation. I don't own this book. Credits to them!